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Feature boxes

The EU's hand in the privatisation of rail

The fragmentation of Britain’s railways has its roots in an EEC directive (91/440/EEC) handed down in 1991. This directive decreed the separation of infrastructure from train operations, with the express purpose of creating a competitive market. It was the blueprint used by John Major for the Conservative government’s privatisation of Britain’s railways from 1994 to 1996.

Under the cosh

University researchers, no longer public servants but workers in a global business world, are everywhere under the triple cosh to get research grants, demonstrate “impact” and write papers for research journals.

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